![3d priint d and d setup 3d priint d and d setup](http://blogs.microsoft.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/7506.3D_2D00_Printing_2D00_1_5F00_41E05937.jpg)
The approach is validated using both state-of-the art laser nanolithography setup 32 as well as a widespread table-top 3D printer 33 - sub-micrometer accuracy features and macro-scale 3D objects are fabricated reproducibly. Furthermore, optimizing the pulsed-exposure the resin can be processed pure (without the addition of any photoinitiator (PI)). Here we employ a single bio-based resin derived from soy beans, suitable for O3DP in the scales from nano- (hundreds nm) to macro-dimensions (cm). Even graytone 28, multi-material 29, selectively erasable 30 and hybrid subtractive-additive-merging 31 light assisted 3D manufacturing was demonstrated recently showing its unrestricted potential in advanced material engineering, rapid prototyping and flexible production. Additionally, O3DP offers flexible manufacturing of multi-scale (multi-dimensional) hierarchical 24 or arbitrary 25 structures which allows speeding up 26 the printing yet keeping the nano-/micro-functionalities available in macro-dimensional objects suitable for diverse practical applications 27. On the other hand, O3DP in combination with post-processing (thermal-treatment) allows fabrication of free-form structures which can serve as 3D templates for realization of pure glass 20, ceramic 21, metal 22 and crystalline 23 objects. This rapid prototyping tool is being developed as a choice for efficient and low waste production tool, yet currently associated with mainly petroleum-derived resins 16, 17, 18, 19. However, this additive manufacturing process simply can be called by one common name: optical 3D printing (O3DP) as it is based on photons. As there exist diverse technical implementations of this technology, it is known in many names: lithography (stereolithography, digital light processing (DLP)/projection lithography), direct laser writing (DLW) or alternatively laser direct writing (LDW), two-photon polymerization (2PP), nonlinear lithography (NLL), multi-photon lithography (MPL), etc.
![3d priint d and d setup 3d priint d and d setup](https://i.all3dp.com/cdn-cgi/image/fit=cover,w=1200,h=675,gravity=0.5x0.5,format=auto/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/14163138/a-3d-printed-scene-complete-with-scenery-props-donsam-imgur-190114-e1548323080857.jpg)
![3d priint d and d setup 3d priint d and d setup](https://3qcbdntxdyb43ubh6h0b0qgz-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Classroom-3D-Printing.jpg)
Nowadays there are a lot of scientific research dedicated to the light induced polymerization. Vegetable oils are potential starting materials for the preparation of polymers due to their ready availability, inherent bio-degradability, negligible toxicity, and existence of modifiable functional groups 15. The spectrum of bio-based plastics usage varies from nanocomposites 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and films 9, 10, 11 to adsorbents 12, 13, 14. The main advantages of bio-based plastic products compared to the conventional plastics are the preservation of fossil resources by using bio-mass which is a renewable resource and provision of the unique potential of carbon neutrality, as well as bio-degradability of the certain types of bio-plastics which offers additional means of recovery at the end of a product’s life 3. The growth of the production and market is 2.05 Mtons of bio-plastics 1 and 700 bilion Euros in Europe only 2. Such concept is believed to make a breakthrough in rapid prototyping by switching the focus of O3DP to bio-based resins instead of being restricted to conventional petroleum-derived photopolymers.īio-based polymers are emerging as replacement for petroleum-derived polymers. Additionally, chess-like figures are made in an industrial line commercially delivering small batch production services. The approach is validated using both state-of-the art laser nanolithography setup as well as a widespread table-top 3D printer - sub-micrometer accuracy 3D objects are fabricated reproducibly.
![3d priint d and d setup 3d priint d and d setup](https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/8mihyYgydIyziroDNRCWQ_-oP-s=/0x0:2048x1024/fit-in/1200x600/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/19783121/black_dragon.jpg)
Here we employ a single bio-based resin derived from soy beans, suitable for O3DP in the scales from nano- to macro-dimensions, which can be processed even without the addition of photoinitiator. On the other hand, optical 3D printing (O3DP) is a rapid prototyping tool (and an additive manufacturing technique) being developed as a choice for efficient and low waste production method, yet currently associated with mainly petroleum-derived resins. They offer easy processing, fulfill technological, functional and durability requirements at the same time ensuring increased bio-compatibility, recycling, and eventually lower cost. Materials obtained from renewable sources are emerging to replace the starting materials of petroleum-derived plastics.